语义内核

[!重要]
语义内核现已成为 Microsoft 代理框架！Microsoft 代理框架（MAF）是语义内核的企业级继任者。Microsoft 代理框架现已发布版本 1.0，为生产就绪版本：稳定的 API，并承诺提供长期支持。无论你是在构建单个助手还是协调一群专业代理，Microsoft 代理框架 1.0 都为你提供企业级多代理编排、多供应商模型支持，以及通过 A2A 和 MCP 的跨运行时互操作性。

在此了解有关语义内核和代理框架的更多信息：语义内核和 Microsoft 代理框架在代理框架博客上，并试用语义内核迁移指南。

使用此企业级编排框架构建智能 AI 代理和多代理系统

什么是语义内核？

语义内核是一款模型无关的 SDK，使开发者能够构建、编排并部署 AI 代理和多代理系统。无论您是在构建简单的聊天机器人，还是复杂的多代理工作流，语义内核都提供了您所需的工具，并具备企业级的可靠性和灵活性。

系统要求

• Python：3.10
• .NET：.NET 10.0
• Java：JDK 17
• 操作系统支持：Windows、macOS、Linux

主要功能

• 模型灵活性：通过内置支持连接至任何 LLM，包括 OpenAI、Azure OpenAI、Hugging Face、NVidia 等
• 代理框架：构建模块化 AI 代理，可访问工具/插件、存储与计划功能
• 多代理系统：通过协作专家代理编排复杂工作流
• 插件生态系统：可拓展本地代码函数、提示模板、OpenAPI 规范或模型上下文协议 (MCP)
• 向量数据库支持：与 Azure AI Search、Elasticsearch、Chroma 等无缝集成
• 多模态支持：处理文本、视觉和音频输入
• 本地部署：通过 Ollama、LMStudio 或 ONNX 运行
• 流程框架：以结构化工作流方法建模复杂业务流程
• 企业级准备：为可观察性、安全性和稳定 API 构建

安装

首先，为您的 AI 服务设置环境变量：

Azure OpenAI：

export AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY=AAA....

或直接联系OpenAI：

export OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-...

Python

pip install semantic-kernel

.NET

dotnet add package Microsoft.SemanticKernel
dotnet add package Microsoft.SemanticKernel.Agents.Core

Java

有关说明，请参见 semantic-kernel-java build。

快速入门

基础代理 - Python

创建一个简单的助手来响应用户的提示：

import asyncio
from semantic_kernel.agents import ChatCompletionAgent
from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai.open_ai import AzureChatCompletion

async def main():
    # Initialize a chat agent with basic instructions
    agent = ChatCompletionAgent(
        service=AzureChatCompletion(),
        name="SK-Assistant",
        instructions="You are a helpful assistant.",
    )

    # Get a response to a user message
    response = await agent.get_response(messages="Write a haiku about Semantic Kernel.")
    print(response.content)

asyncio.run(main()) 

# Output:
# Language's essence,
# Semantic threads intertwine,
# Meaning's core revealed.

基础代理 - .NET

using Microsoft.SemanticKernel;
using Microsoft.SemanticKernel.Agents;

var builder = Kernel.CreateBuilder();
builder.AddAzureOpenAIChatCompletion(
                Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_OPENAI_DEPLOYMENT"),
                Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT"),
                Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY")
                );
var kernel = builder.Build();

ChatCompletionAgent agent =
    new()
    {
        Name = "SK-Agent",
        Instructions = "You are a helpful assistant.",
        Kernel = kernel,
    };

await foreach (AgentResponseItem<ChatMessageContent> response 
    in agent.InvokeAsync("Write a haiku about Semantic Kernel."))
{
    Console.WriteLine(response.Message);
}

// Output:
// Language's essence,
// Semantic threads intertwine,
// Meaning's core revealed.

带插件的代理 - Python

使用自定义工具（插件）和结构化输出增强您的代理：

import asyncio
from typing import Annotated
from pydantic import BaseModel
from semantic_kernel.agents import ChatCompletionAgent
from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai.open_ai import AzureChatCompletion, OpenAIChatPromptExecutionSettings
from semantic_kernel.functions import kernel_function, KernelArguments

class MenuPlugin:
    @kernel_function(description="Provides a list of specials from the menu.")
    def get_specials(self) -> Annotated[str, "Returns the specials from the menu."]:
        return """
        Special Soup: Clam Chowder
        Special Salad: Cobb Salad
        Special Drink: Chai Tea
        """

    @kernel_function(description="Provides the price of the requested menu item.")
    def get_item_price(
        self, menu_item: Annotated[str, "The name of the menu item."]
    ) -> Annotated[str, "Returns the price of the menu item."]:
        return "$9.99"

class MenuItem(BaseModel):
    price: float
    name: str

async def main():
    # Configure structured output format
    settings = OpenAIChatPromptExecutionSettings()
    settings.response_format = MenuItem

    # Create agent with plugin and settings
    agent = ChatCompletionAgent(
        service=AzureChatCompletion(),
        name="SK-Assistant",
        instructions="You are a helpful assistant.",
        plugins=[MenuPlugin()],
        arguments=KernelArguments(settings)
    )

    response = await agent.get_response(messages="What is the price of the soup special?")
    print(response.content)

    # Output:
    # The price of the Clam Chowder, which is the soup special, is $9.99.

asyncio.run(main()) 

带插件的代理 - .NET

using System.ComponentModel;
using Microsoft.SemanticKernel;
using Microsoft.SemanticKernel.Agents;
using Microsoft.SemanticKernel.ChatCompletion;

var builder = Kernel.CreateBuilder();
builder.AddAzureOpenAIChatCompletion(
                Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_OPENAI_DEPLOYMENT"),
                Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT"),
                Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY")
                );
var kernel = builder.Build();

kernel.Plugins.Add(KernelPluginFactory.CreateFromType<MenuPlugin>());

ChatCompletionAgent agent =
    new()
    {
        Name = "SK-Assistant",
        Instructions = "You are a helpful assistant.",
        Kernel = kernel,
        Arguments = new KernelArguments(new PromptExecutionSettings() { FunctionChoiceBehavior = FunctionChoiceBehavior.Auto() })

    };

await foreach (AgentResponseItem<ChatMessageContent> response 
    in agent.InvokeAsync("What is the price of the soup special?"))
{
    Console.WriteLine(response.Message);
}

sealed class MenuPlugin
{
    [KernelFunction, Description("Provides a list of specials from the menu.")]
    public string GetSpecials() =>
        """
        Special Soup: Clam Chowder
        Special Salad: Cobb Salad
        Special Drink: Chai Tea
        """;

    [KernelFunction, Description("Provides the price of the requested menu item.")]
    public string GetItemPrice(
        [Description("The name of the menu item.")]
        string menuItem) =>
        "$9.99";
}

多智能体系统 - Python

构建一个能够协作的专用代理系统：

import asyncio
from semantic_kernel.agents import ChatCompletionAgent, ChatHistoryAgentThread
from semantic_kernel.connectors.ai.open_ai import AzureChatCompletion, OpenAIChatCompletion

billing_agent = ChatCompletionAgent(
    service=AzureChatCompletion(), 
    name="BillingAgent", 
    instructions="You handle billing issues like charges, payment methods, cycles, fees, discrepancies, and payment failures."
)

refund_agent = ChatCompletionAgent(
    service=AzureChatCompletion(),
    name="RefundAgent",
    instructions="Assist users with refund inquiries, including eligibility, policies, processing, and status updates.",
)

triage_agent = ChatCompletionAgent(
    service=OpenAIChatCompletion(),
    name="TriageAgent",
    instructions="Evaluate user requests and forward them to BillingAgent or RefundAgent for targeted assistance."
    " Provide the full answer to the user containing any information from the agents",
    plugins=[billing_agent, refund_agent],
)

thread: ChatHistoryAgentThread = None

async def main() -> None:
    print("Welcome to the chat bot!\n  Type 'exit' to exit.\n  Try to get some billing or refund help.")
    while True:
        user_input = input("User:> ")

        if user_input.lower().strip() == "exit":
            print("\n\nExiting chat...")
            return False

        response = await triage_agent.get_response(
            messages=user_input,
            thread=thread,
        )

        if response:
            print(f"Agent :> {response}")

# Agent :> I understand that you were charged twice for your subscription last month, and I'm here to assist you with resolving this issue. Here’s what we need to do next:

# 1. **Billing Inquiry**:
#    - Please provide the email address or account number associated with your subscription, the date(s) of the charges, and the amount charged. This will allow the billing team to investigate the discrepancy in the charges.

# 2. **Refund Process**:
#    - For the refund, please confirm your subscription type and the email address associated with your account.
#    - Provide the dates and transaction IDs for the charges you believe were duplicated.

# Once we have these details, we will be able to:

# - Check your billing history for any discrepancies.
# - Confirm any duplicate charges.
# - Initiate a refund for the duplicate payment if it qualifies. The refund process usually takes 5-10 business days after approval.

# Please provide the necessary details so we can proceed with resolving this issue for you.

if __name__ == "__main__":
    asyncio.run(main())

接下来去哪

1. 📖 尝试我们的入门指南或了解构建代理
2. 🔌 探索超过100个详细示例
3. 💡 了解核心语义内核概念

API 参考

• C# API参考
• Python API参考

故障排除

常见问题

• 认证错误：检查您的 API 密钥环境变量是否设置正确
• 模型可用性：验证您的 Azure OpenAI 部署或 OpenAI 模型访问权限

获取帮助

• 查看我们的GitHub issues以了解已知问题
• 在Discord 社区中搜索解决方案
• 在寻求帮助时请提供您的 SDK 版本和完整错误信息

加入社区

我们欢迎您对 SK 社区的贡献和建议！参与的最简单方式之一是在 GitHub 仓库中进行讨论。欢迎提交错误报告和修复！

对于新功能、组件或扩展，请在发送 PR 之前打开 issue 与我们讨论。这是为了避免被拒绝，因为我们可能将核心方向调整，但也要考虑对更大生态系统的影响。

想了解更多并开始使用：

• 阅读文档

• 了解如何贡献到该项目

• 在GitHub 讨论中提问

• 在Discord 社区中提问

• 参加定期办公时间和 SK 社区活动

• 关注团队的博客

行为规范

本项目已采用微软开源行为准则。欲了解更多信息，请参阅行为准则常见问题或通过邮件联系opencode@microsoft.com提出其他问题或意见。

许可证

版权所有 (c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

Licensed under the MIT License.